These include drinkable water, clean air, and fertile soils. The loss of biodiversity is dangerous and its consequences are immediate. I am pleased to present indias fourth national report to the convention on biological diversity. Science fair project on biodiversity biology discussion. Thank you for using the download pdf file feature, to. The concept of biodiversity continues to evolve and more recently it has been included in the idea of ecosystem services in that it is a form of natural capital and thus underpins the functioning of ecosystems 10, 11. The red line shows the average change acrossallcombinations ofgenes,species,ortraits. Biodiversity loss therefore threatens the provision of goods and services provided by ecosystems. Biodiversity also supplies indirect services to humans which are often taken for granted. The biodiversity heritage library bhl is funded in large part by bhl member dues and by individual donations. Biodiversity ii reinforces the idea that the conservation of our biological resources is within reach as long as we pool resources. Biodiversity also underpins ecosystem function and the provision of ecosystem services.
For example, a major debate in biological sciences over many decades has been that of pattern versus process, especially in systematics and evolutionary studies. And the biodiversity act 2002 was promulgated in the parliament to follow up the. The first two correspond to the different levels at which biodiversity can be measured. Biodiversity is a broad totality and often embraces elements beyond species diversity or numbers. Biodiversity of terrestrial, freshwater and marine, the protected areas of the country and the importance of national biodiversity authority. Pdf the loss of biological diversity is a global crisis. If you are generating a pdf of a journal article or book chapter, please feel free to. Biodiversity is the variety of life on earth and includes variation at all levels of biological organisation from genes to species to ecosystems. To say that india is immensely rich in biodiversity would be to state the obvious. Relative to the variety of habitats, biotic communities and ecological processes in the biosphere, biodiversity. The biodiversity heritage library bhl is a consortium of natural history and botanical libraries that cooperate to digitize the legacy literature of biodiversity held in their collections and to make that literature available for open access and responsible use as a part of a global biodiversity commons. Thank you for using the download pdf file feature, to download a correct pdf file, please follow the steps. When creating a health and safety action plan, environmental plan, and other kinds of action plan documents, you have to ensure that you are knowledgeable of the basic guidelines that you need to follow when putting together all the details of the particular document that you are making.
Ecological concepts, principles and applications to conservation editor. Biodiversity underpins the health and vitality of forests and is the basis for a wide range of ecosystem services necessary for peoples livelihoods and wellbeing. What are the convention on biological diversity and its 2010 biodiversity target. Recognizing biodiversity is essential to preserve wildlife.
It has been estimated that more than 50 million species of plants, animals and microorganisms. Members and affiliates have also received generous support from their parent institutions to enable significant contributions in the form of staffing and other inkind costs. Biodiversity conservation provides substantial benefits to meet immediate human needs, such as clean, consistent water flows, protection from floods and storms and a stable climate. In this report status and methodologies for conservation of biodiversity in india have been studied. Biodiversity is not easily defined because it is more than just the sum of its parts, as all of its elements. Biodiversity is an assurance for life on our planet, and therefore must be protected at all costs, because it is a universal heritage that can offer immediate advantages to human beings. Its packed with all the tools you need to convert, edit. Eswaran, jagdish krishnaswamy and mahesh rangarajan for helpful comments. Biodiversity itself is not generally considered an ecosystem service but rather supports environmental functions 11. Please see our complete list of funding sources for more information. Biodiversity, ecosystems and ecosystem services 7 biodiversity at a suitable scale, e. The national biodiversity authority was established in 2003 in accordance with the biodiversity act 2002. This is the in brief version of faos report the state of the worlds biodiversity for food and agriculture. Chapter 2 biodiversity, ecosystems and ecosystem services.
Biodiversity is most often understood in terms of the number of species or other taxa and can. In 2010 parties to the convention on biological diversity cbd adopted the strategic plan for biodiversity 20112020, a tenyear framework for action by all countries and stakeholders to safeguard biodiversity and the benefits it provides to people. Biodiversity and sustainable management of a megadiverse mountain ecosystem in south ecuador. Biodiversity, besides its ecological significance provides a socioeconomic and monetary asset to the nation. Biodiversity can be measured through the use of quantitativeindicators, although no single unified approach exists. Biodiversity hotspots around the world and in india. If you are generating a pdf of a journal article or book chapter. Accordin tae the unitit naitions environment programme, biodiversity teepically meisurs variation at the genetic, the species, an the ecoseestem level. Work on documents anywhere using the acrobat reader mobile app. Nearly 45,000 species of plants and twice as many of animals have been recorded from india. Prepared for the oxford c ompanion t economics in india. Some of the useful tips that you can use if you want to.
With acrobat reader dc, you can do more than just open and view pdf files. From the hot arid deserts of the sahara, through the lush green rainforests of the amazon, to the ocean depths and bright corals, our natural world is a marvel of different landscapes, materials, colours and textures. Consensus documents developed on the biology of major agricultural. Biodiversity and conservation although india h as only 2. Read the below given article to get a complete idea on biodiversity. Case study amphibians 1 habitat destruction fragmentation alteration. After conversion, you can see that there are following files listed in output folder.
The biodiversity heritage library works collaboratively to make biodiversity literature openly available to the world as part of a global biodiversity community. However, this is not to say that such measures are mutually exclusive. Rich forest biological resources, used wisely, can generate invaluable economic, social and cultural benefits. The economic importance of biodiversity for humans can be summarized as follows. National geographic society has prepared a world map of the hotspots and arcview shape file and metadata for the biodiversity hotspots including details of the individual endangered fauna in each hotspot, which is available from conservation international. Genetic diversity is all the different genes contained in all. Natural environment, resources and development notes figure 11.
Biodiversity, a portmanteau o bio life an diversity, generally refers tae the variety an variability o life on yird. Threats to biodiversity and methods of conservation are described. Biodiversity is a key resource, which provides a range of valuable goods and critical services to human populations. Details of genetic diversity, species diversity and ecosystem diversity are given. Biodiversity results from natural physical processes, and as. Human society depends on biological resources, their diversity and the ecosystems that sustain them to provide essential goods and services. Ecological concepts, principles and applications to. Hotspots of biodiversity and their details have also been given. Pages 535 ppi 300 scanner internet archive html5 uploader 1. Do you want to create an amazing science fair project for your next exhibition. Pdf biodiversity is the variety of different forms of life on earth. That is what makes our country one of the 12 mega diversity countries of the world. Oecd work on biodiversity and ecosystems biodiversity in the international context biodiversity is defined as the variability among living organisms from all sources, including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystems, and the ecological complexes of which they are part.
Furthermore, the measure, management and protection of ecosystem biodiversity requires different and innovative approaches. Biodiversity underpins ecosystem function and the provision ofecosystem services. Our sustainability policies focus on key areas of impact and define our guiding principles for integrating esg concerns into our operations. Its easy to add annotations to documents using a complete set of commenting tools. An overview of plant biodiversity is provided in this chapter. Biodiversity threats weston w sechrest,university of virginia, charlottesville, virginia, usa thomas m brooks, center for applied biodiversity science conservation international, washington dc, usa any direct or indirect human activity that threatens the planets biological diversity in the. Three levels of biodiversity are commonly discussed genetic, species and ecosystem diversity.
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